Weld root reinforcement is a critical geometric parameter governing stress concentration and structural performance in thin-walled stainless-steel piping systems designed to ASME B31.3. While current codes specify permissible dimensional limits, they do not explicitly quantify how incremental variations in root height influence stress distribution under realistic service loading conditions. This...Read More

Weld quality plays a critical role in ensuring the structural integrity and long-term performance of critical piping systems used across petrochemical, oil and gas, marine, and healthcare sectors. Although gas tungsten arc welding, shielded metal arc welding, and gas metal arc welding are widely applied in pipe fabrication, existing studies...Read More

This study presents a systematic optimization of GTAW welding parameters to achieve a pipe-to-pipe butt weld with a root height consistently below 2 mm when joining stainless-steel 316L material, employing the Taguchi design of experiments. To the authors’ knowledge, no similar studies have been conducted to explore the optimization of...Read More