Weld root reinforcement is a critical geometric parameter governing stress concentration and structural performance in thin-walled stainless-steel piping systems designed to ASME B31.3. While current codes specify permissible dimensional limits, they do not explicitly quantify how incremental variations in root height influence stress distribution under realistic service loading conditions. This...Read More

Weld quality plays a critical role in ensuring the structural integrity and long-term performance of critical piping systems used across petrochemical, oil and gas, marine, and healthcare sectors. Although gas tungsten arc welding, shielded metal arc welding, and gas metal arc welding are widely applied in pipe fabrication, existing studies...Read More

The incorporation of multi-material design (MMD) to achieve lightweight vehicles requires Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW) to join steel with aluminum, magnesium, or composites. This study investigates the mechanisms, challenges, and performance of FSSW in MMD based on the information available in the literature. It also explores the effect of...Read More

This study presents a systematic optimization of GTAW welding parameters to achieve a pipe-to-pipe butt weld with a root height consistently below 2 mm when joining stainless-steel 316L material, employing the Taguchi design of experiments. To the authors’ knowledge, no similar studies have been conducted to explore the optimization of...Read More

Traditional resistance spot welding (RSW) has been unsuccessful in forming quality composite joints between steel– or aluminum–polymer-based composites. This has led to the development of spot welding variants such as friction stir spot welding (FFSW), ultrasonic spot welding (USW), and laser spot welding (LSW). The paper reviewed the differences in...Read More

Studies were carried out on the force profiles of the pneumatic electrode actuation system and servo electrode actuation system to analyse their effects on weld strength. The studies were carried out at three different locations of the weld lobe; below the lower limit, between the lower limit and upper limit...Read More

Resistance spot welding is a process which is widely used in the automotive industry to join steel parts of various thicknesses and types. The current practice in the automotive industry in determining the welding schedule, which will be used in the welding process, is based on welding table or experiences....Read More

Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) is a process that is widely used in the automotive industries. The parameters that are used to develop a spot weld are the welding current, weld time and electrode force. Electrode force was not used as a control parameter due to the use of pneumatic system...Read More

Resistance spot welding (RSW) is an essential welding technology today for joining two or more metals in various manufacturing industries. A statistic shows that one metal assembly out of five is joined using resistance spot welding mechanism, commercially. It uses traditionally two electrodes to hold the metal sheets and forces...Read More